What is a fibroadenoma?
A fibroadenoma is the most common benign (non-cancerous) breast lump. It is mostly seen in women aged 15–35. On examination it usually feels like a smooth-edged, rubbery lump that moves under the skin; most are painless.
Most fibroadenomas stay the same size or shrink over the years. Some may grow, be bothersome to feel, or cause constant worry. The treatment decision is made according to these situations.
Every breast lump must first be evaluated by examination, ultrasound and, if necessary, biopsy. Cryoablation is only applied to benign lumps with a confirmed diagnosis.
What is cryoablation?
Cryoablation is the destruction of tissue by freezing it at very low temperatures. Under ultrasound imaging, a thin needle (cryoprobe) is placed in the center of the lump. The ice ball formed at the tip of the needle completely surrounds the lump; freezing and thawing cycles destroy the cells in the lump.
The frozen tissue stays in place and is gradually absorbed by the body over months. Since no surgical incision is made, the shape of the breast is preserved; only a mark of about 3 mm remains where the needle entered.
Who is it suitable for?
Suitability is decided based on the examination, ultrasound and biopsy result. In general:
May be suitable
- Lumps diagnosed as fibroadenoma by biopsy
- Lumps clearly visible on ultrasound
- Those whose size and location suit the procedure
- Those who do not want surgery or are concerned about scarring
Not suitable
- Lumps without a confirmed diagnosis
- Suspected phyllodes tumor
- Those with malignant or suspicious findings
- Lumps that cannot be seen well on ultrasound
How is it done?
- 01
Assessment
Suitability of the lump is determined with the examination, ultrasound and biopsy results; the procedure is explained in detail.
- 02
Local anesthesia
The area where the needle will enter is numbed. No general anesthesia or hospital stay is needed.
- 03
Freezing
Under ultrasound guidance the cryoprobe is placed in the lump and the lump is frozen inside an ice ball.
- 04
Finish
The needle is removed and a small dressing is applied. After a short rest you can go home.
After the procedure and follow-up
Most people return to daily activities the same day. In the first days there may be mild pain, bruising or swelling at the site; these usually pass on their own. The frozen tissue may remain palpable for a while and shrinks over time.
First week
Mild tenderness and bruising may occur. Avoid heavy exercise for a few days.
First months
The body gradually absorbs the frozen tissue; the lump shrinks.
Check-ups
Ultrasound check-ups are done at set intervals.
Comparison with other options
| Follow-up | Cryoablation | Surgical removal | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anesthesia | None | Local | Usually general |
| Incision and scar | None | ~3 mm needle mark | Surgical incision |
| Lump | Stays in place | Frozen, absorbed over time | Removed |
| Daily life | Not affected | Same day | A few days |
Which option suits you is decided together, according to the size and location of the lump, its growth rate and your preference.
