Hereditary Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women worldwide. While many breast cancer cases develop randomly, a hereditary predisposition may be present for some women. Hereditary breast cancer is a rare condition seen in individuals who genetically carry the risk of breast cancer. It is usually associated with mutations in two important genes called BRCA1 and BRCA2. Some mutations in these genes increase the tendency of cells to become cancerous and thereby increase the risk of breast cancer.
Who Is at Risk of Hereditary Breast Cancer?
- Past cases of breast cancer in the family: Women who have first-degree relatives (mother, sister or daughter) with breast cancer are at higher risk.
- BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations: These gene mutations significantly increase the risk of breast cancer. The presence of these mutations can be determined by gene testing.
- Breast cancer diagnosed at an early age: Women diagnosed with breast cancer at a young age (before the age of 40) should be evaluated for hereditary predisposition.
- Combination of breast and ovarian cancer: If the same woman has both breast cancer and ovarian cancer, it is important to receive genetic counseling.
Women at risk of hereditary breast cancer may consider the following measures to protect their health:
- Genetic Counseling: Women with a family history of breast cancer should be evaluated for hereditary predisposition by receiving genetic counseling. Experts can create an individual risk profile based on gene test results.
- Regular Breast Examinations: It is important for all women to perform breast self-examination regularly. The chance of treatment increases when breast cancer is caught at an early stage.
- Regular Breast Screening: Women at risk should not skip breast screening appropriate to their age and risk level. Breast screening contributes to the early diagnosis of cancer.
- Healthy Lifestyle: Healthy lifestyle choices such as healthy eating, regular exercise and not smoking can help reduce the risk of breast cancer.
- Prophylactic Surgery: Women at high risk may consider prophylactic (preventive) surgery to reduce the risk of breast or ovarian cancer. However, this decision is a step that requires serious consideration and should be evaluated with individual counseling.
Hereditary breast cancer can be treated, or its risk reduced, with early diagnosis and appropriate measures. Therefore, it is important for women at risk to have regular health check-ups and to protect their health by receiving expert counseling when necessary.
